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Correlation between carbon emissions and energy structure –Reliability analysis of low carbon target

Ben HUA

《能源前沿（英文）》 2011年 第5卷 第2期   页码 214-220 doi: 10.1007/s11708-010-0133-7

摘要： The influence of energy intensity on carbon intensity depends upon the fraction of energy mixes with high carbon emissions in the total energy mixes . The correlation of with a variety of primary energy mix fractions and technology advances such as CCS and CCHP is analyzed and deduced. Taking the long-term carbon reduction target in 2050 settled upon by the Copenhagen Agreement and the mid-term target suggested by the “450 Scenes Program” of the International Energy Agency (IEA) as constraints, the new pattern of the energy transition of the world in 2020, 2030, and 2050 are estimated and figured out. The peak value of energy consumption will lag behind the peak value of carbon emissions; the world energy structure shifting point will be in 2020–2025. Estimates show that China’s mid-2020 and long-term targets of energy-saving and emission reduction announced by the Chinese government might be achieved.

关键词： correlation     carbon emissions     energy consumption     high carbon emissions energy mix     target of emission reduction     reliability    

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Impacts of inter-sectoral trade on carbon emissions—a case of China in 2007

Xiuqi FANG, Benyong WEI, Yuan WANG

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2012年 第6卷 第3期   页码 387-402 doi: 10.1007/s11783-012-0396-9

摘要： With the increase in international trade, more attention has been given to quantifying the impacts of international trade on energy use and carbon emissions. Input-output analysis is a suitable tool for assessing resources or pollutants embodied in trade and it has become a critical tool for performing such analysis. This study estimated the national and sectoral carbon emissions embodied in Chinese international trade using the latest available China input-output table of 2007. The results showed that a significant exporting behavior of embodied carbon emissions existed in China’s trade. Over 1/3 of the emissions in Chinese domestic production processes were generated for exports in 2007. The net balance of emissions embodied in exports and imports accounted for nearly 30% of China’s domestic emissions, which means that any policy made to increase the exports would result in a significant growth of China’s domestic emissions. Since over half of China’s export trade is processing trade, the re-exported emissions could not be overlooked; otherwise, it would hard to capture the actual emissions generated abroad to obtain China’s domestic consumption. The enlargement of export scale is a primary driven factor to the rapid growth of China’s exported emissions. It is necessary for China to adjust its economic and industrial structure to reduce the dependence of economic growth on the export trade. However, when adjusting industry structures or making policies on carbon emission reduction, it will be more reasonable to consider the relationship between production and consumption, rather than just focus on the emission values of sectors’ direct production, as a large part of carbon emissions emitted by the principal direct polluters were generated to obtain the products which were required by other sectors.

关键词： international trade     carbon emissions     input-output analysis     China    

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Energy consumption and carbon emissions of hospitals in Tianjin

Chongxu JIANG, Jincheng XING, Jihong LING, Xiaona QIN

《能源前沿（英文）》 2012年 第6卷 第4期   页码 427-435 doi: 10.1007/s11708-012-0199-5

摘要： An energy audit of 22 tertiary hospitals was conducted in Tianjin. The detailed content included design data, basic information, energy bills and equipment lists. It was shown that during the study, the energy intensity of hospitals in Tianjin was approximately stable and the average level of energy consumption was 348 kW·h/(m ·a). From the date collected, it was calculated that the energy intensity of general hospitals was 380 kW·h/(m ·a), and the average carbon emissions was 157 kgCO /(m ·a); While the energy intensity of specialized hospitals was 309 kW·h/(m ·a), and the average carbon emissions was 131 kgCO /(m ·a). By breaking the energy consumption down into several items, it was found that the heating system consumed the highest amount of energy (42.12%), followed by the cooling system (6.78%), the medical equipment (4.98%) and the lighting system (3.63%). The main factors that affect the hospital energy consumption were determined, and some feasible technology and management measures to save energy and reduce carbon emissions were proposed.

关键词： hospital building     energy consumption     carbon emissions     energy saving     emission reduction    

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Decomposition and decoupling analysis of electricity consumption carbon emissions in China

《工程管理前沿（英文）》   页码 486-498 doi: 10.1007/s42524-022-0215-3

摘要： Electricity consumption is one of the major contributors to greenhouse gas emissions. In this study, we build a power consumption carbon emission measurement model based on the operating margin factor. We use the decomposition and decoupling technology of logarithmic mean Divisia index method to quantify six effects (emission intensity, power generation structure, consumption electricity intensity, economic scale, population structure, and population scale) and comprehensively reflect the degree of dependence of electricity consumption carbon emissions on China’s economic development and population changes. Moreover, we utilize the decoupling model to analyze the decoupling state between carbon emissions and economic growth and identify corresponding energy efficiency policies. The results of this study provide a new perspective to understand carbon emission reduction potentials in the electricity use of China.

关键词： electricity consumption carbon emission measurement     LMDI model     decoupling model     data driven    

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An Integrated Analysis on the Synergistic Reduction of Carbon and Pollution Emissions from China’s Iron

Quanyin Tan,Fei Liu,Jinhui Li,

《工程（英文）》 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2023.09.018

摘要： Decarbonization and decontamination of the iron and steel industry (ISI), which contributes up to 15% to anthropogenic CO2 emissions (or carbon emissions) and significant proportions of air and water pollutant emissions in China, are challenged by the huge demand for steel. Carbon and pollutants often share common emission sources, indicating that emission reduction could be achieved synergistically. Here, we explored the inherent potential of measures to adjust feedstock composition and technological structure and to control the size of the ISI to achieve carbon emission reduction (CER) and pollution emission reduction (PER). We investigated five typical pollutants in this study, namely, petroleum hydrocarbon pollutants and chemical oxygen demand in wastewater, particulate matter, SO2, and NOx in off gases, and examined synergies between CER and PER by employing cross elasticity for the period between 2022 and 2035. The results suggest that a reduction of 8.7%–11.7% in carbon emissions and 20%–31% in pollution emissions (except for particulate matter emissions) could be achieved by 2025 under a high steel scrap ratio (SSR) scenario. Here, the SSR and electric arc furnace (EAF) ratio serve critical roles in enhancing synergies between CER and PER (which vary with the type of pollutant). However, subject to a limited volume of steel scrap, a focused increase in the EAF ratio with neglection of the available supply of steel scrap to EAF facilities would lead to an increase carbon and pollution emissions. Although CER can be achieved through SSR and EAF ratio optimization, only when the crude steel production growth rate remains below 2.2% can these optimization measures maintain the emissions in 2030 at a similar level to that in 2021. Therefore, the synergistic effects between PER and CER should be considered when formulating a development route for the ISI in the future.

关键词： Iron and steel industry     Carbon and pollution emissions     Synergistic reduction     Technological structure     Steel scrap     Cross-elasticity    

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Energy efficiency and carbon dioxide emissions reduction opportunities in district heating source in

Gaofeng CHEN, Xuejing ZHENG, Lin CONG

《能源前沿（英文）》 2012年 第6卷 第3期   页码 285-295 doi: 10.1007/s11708-012-0197-7

摘要： Building a trading market can promote energy conservation provided that the trading method is determined. Energy consumption for heat supply is huge. Tianjin Municipal Government is planning to establish an energy efficiency trading platform for district heating taking into consideration the experience in carbon trading market and specific situation in Tianjin. This paper presented an in-depth analysis of the district heating industry in Tianjin municipality, and identified the potentials of energy saving and carbon dioxide emissions reduction. Since energy efficiency was closely related to different heating source technologies, baselines were determined for boiler plants and thermal power plants respectively. Three scenarios were discussed for baseline determination. 472 boiler plants were surveyed and operational data relating to energy consumption were collected. Through data analysis, 27 boiler plants which have reasonable recorded energy consumption values were chosen as samples. By analyzing the dataset and referring to the related standards, method of determining the baseline for district heating carbon market was established. Finxally, the baseline for boiler plant was determined to be 52.0 kgce/GJ, and that for thermal power plant was 43.0 kgce/GJ in 2011. Carbon abatement against the baselines above was calculated and considerable carbon dioxide emissions reduction could be achieved.

关键词： district heating     energy efficiency     baseline     carbon abatement    

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Decomposition analysis of energy-related carbon dioxide emissions in the iron and steel industry in China

Wenqiang SUN, Jiuju CAI, Hai YU, Lei DAI

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2012年 第6卷 第2期   页码 265-270 doi: 10.1007/s11783-011-0284-8

摘要： This work aims to identify the main factors influencing the energy-related carbon dioxide (CO ) emissions from the iron and steel industry in China during the period of 1995–2007. The logarithmic mean divisia index (LMDI) technique was applied with period-wise analysis and time-series analysis. Changes in energy-related CO emissions were decomposed into four factors: emission factor effect, energy structure effect, energy consumption effect, and the steel production effect. The results show that steel production is the major factor responsible for the rise in CO emissions during the sampling period; on the other hand the energy consumption is the largest contributor to the decrease in CO emissions. To a lesser extent, the emission factor and energy structure effects have both negative and positive contributions to CO emissions, respectively. Policy implications are provided regarding the reduction of CO emissions from the iron and steel industry in China, such as controlling the overgrowth of steel production, improving energy-saving technologies, and introducing low-carbon energy sources into the iron and steel industry.

关键词： carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions     decomposition analysis     logarithmic mean divisia index (LMDI) technique     time-series analysis    

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Decomposing drivers of transportation energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions for the Philippines

Neil Stephen LOPEZ, Anthony S.F. CHIU, Jose Bienvenido Manuel BIONA

《能源前沿（英文）》 2018年 第12卷 第3期   页码 389-399 doi: 10.1007/s11708-018-0578-7

摘要：

Global CO2 emissions increased by 57.9% from 1990 to 2014, of which 21% is known to be from the transportation sector. In line with policy development, driving forces to energy consumption and emissions may be determined using decomposition analysis techniques. However, the detail of information required to perform such studies for the transportation sector in developing countries can be challenging. An attempt was made in this study to formulate a decomposition analysis framework considering data availability and limitation in developing countries. Furthermore, a suggestion of adjusting transport activity data using average oil price was proposed. An illustrative case study in the Philippines revealed that the most significant driver was transport activity, followed by energy intensity, and then population growth, which was both similar and contrary to all previous studies performed in developed and rapidly urbanizing countries, which pointed out to transport activity as the primary contributing force. For the Philippines, transport activity was an inhibiting force, whereas energy intensity was the primary contributing factor. The difference could be explained by the differences in mode shares and quality of life between countries. Looking at private vehicle ownership data, it is observed that growth rates are higher in the rural, than in the urban centers. Deriving from the findings, developing a comprehensive public transport plan is recommend for future growth areas, expansion and modernization of public transport services in the city, and strategic deployment of transport policies.

关键词： transportation     LMDI     decomposition     developing country     emissions    

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GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS FROM LIVESTOCK IN CHINA AND MITIGATION OPTIONS WITHIN THE CONTEXT OF CARBON

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第10卷 第2期   页码 226-233 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2023486

摘要：

● Livestock is major greenhouse gas source in agriculture in China.

关键词： animal husbandry     emission reduction solutions     feed improvement     greenhouse gases emission     manure management    

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Review on the applications of Tropospheric Emissions Spectrometer to air-quality research: Perspectives

Yuxuan WANG, Yuqiang ZHANG, Jiming HAO,

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2010年 第4卷 第1期   页码 12-19 doi: 10.1007/s11783-010-0012-9

摘要： The Tropospheric Emissions Spectrometer (TES) aboard the National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s (NASA’s) Aura satellite launched in July 2004 is the first satellite instrument to provide simultaneous retrievals of ozone (O) and carbon monoxide (CO) throughout the Earth’s lower atmosphere. This paper briefly reviews the TES instrument, the retrieval of O and CO profiles, and the validation of the retrievals. The applications of TES O and CO products include mapping the vertical and horizontal distribution of tropospheric O and CO and their correlations, examining the regional and continental outflow, and analyzing the variability of the two species associated with certain weather and climatic conditions, such as El Niño and the Asian monsoon. TES retrievals of O and CO offer an important new source of satellite data over China with good spatial and temporal coverage that can provide evaluation and constraints on the performance of chemical transport models in simulating the general features of ozone pollution over China. Special observations have been conducted and requests may be submitted to the TES team to make geographically focused observations of O and CO over China.

关键词： Tropospheric Emissions Spectrometer (TES)     ozone     carbon monoxide     China    

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Fuel poverty and low carbon emissions: a comparative study of the feasibility of the hybrid renewable

《能源前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第2期   页码 336-356 doi: 10.1007/s11708-021-0748-x

摘要： Fuel poverty is most prevalent in North East England with 14.4% of fuel poor households in Newcastle upon Tyne. The aim of this paper was to identify a grid connected renewable energy system coupled with natural gas reciprocating combined heat and power unit, that is cost-effective and technically feasible with a potential to generate a profit from selling energy excess to the grid to help alleviate fuel poverty. The system was also aimed at low carbon emissions. Fourteen models were designed and optimized with the aid of the HOMER Pro software. Models were compared with respect to their economic, technical, and environmental performance. A solution was proposed where restrictions were placed on the size of renewable energy components. This configuration consists of 150 kW CHP, 300 kW PV cells, and 30 kW wind turbines. The renewable fraction is 5.10% and the system yields a carbon saving of 7.9% in comparison with conventional systems. The initial capital investment is $1.24 million which enables the system to have grid sales of 582689 kWh/a. A conservative calculation determined that 40% of the sales can be used to reduce the energy cost of fuel poor households by $706 per annum. This solution has the potential to eliminate fuel poverty at the site analyzed.

关键词： greenhouse gas control     low carbon target     grid connected     renewable fraction     fuel poverty     combined heat and power     HOMER Pro    

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Three potential benefits of the EU and IMO’s landmark efforts to monitor carbon dioxide emissions from

Shuaian WANG, Lu ZHEN, Harilaos N. PSARAFTIS

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2021年 第8卷 第2期   页码 310-311 doi: 10.1007/s42524-020-0096-2

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我国流域减污降碳协同增效：路径、技术与对策

张亚捷,霍守亮,吴丰昌

《中国工程科学》 2022年 第24卷 第5期   页码 41-48 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2022.05.006

摘要：

“十四五”时期，我国生态环境保护进入了减污降碳协同治理的新阶段。流域承载了经济社会发展的巨大负荷，排放和消纳了大量温室气体和污染物，在流域尺度上推进减污降碳协同成为当前备受关注的问题。本文阐述了流域尺度上温室气体和污染物的协同减排机制，将流域划分为人工生态系统和自然生态系统，列举了不同生态系统间减污降碳协同的主要路径和重点技术，并以黄河流域、长江流域为例，分析了在流域尺度上减污降碳协同技术的具体应用情况。在负排放技术、农业面源污染控制技术和水体富营养化修复技术的支撑下，本文提出了细化流域水生态环境保护标准、建立监控预警和风险防控系统，构建污染源和温室气体排放源综合整治体系、健全流域管控机制，加大科技支撑力度、积极开展气候变化国际合作等对策建议，助推我国流域减污降碳协同。

关键词： 减污降碳     协同     流域     温室气体     污染物     负排放技术    

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Modeling temperature and moisture dependent emissions of carbon dioxide and methane from drying dairy

Enzhu HU, Pakorn SUTITARNNONTR, Markus TULLER, Scott B. JONES

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年 第5卷 第2期   页码 280-286 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2018215

摘要： Greenhouse gas emissions due to biological degradation processes of animal wastes are significant sources of air pollution from agricultural areas. The major environmental controls on these microbe-induced gas fluxes are temperature and moisture content. The objective of this study was to model the effects of temperature and moisture content on emissions of CO and CH during the ambient drying process of dairy manure under controlled conditions. Gas emissions were continuously recorded over 15 d with paired fully automated closed dynamic chambers coupled with a Fourier Transformed Infrared gas analyzer. Water content and temperature were measured and monitored with capacitance sensors. In addition, on days 0, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15, pH, moisture content, dissolved organic carbon and total carbon (TC) were determined. An empirical model derived from the Arrhenius equation confirmed high dependency of carbon emissions on temperature and moisture content. Results indicate that for the investigated dairy manure, 6.83% of TC was lost in the form of CO and 0.047% of TC was emitted as CH . Neglecting the effect of temperature, the moisture contents associated with maximum gas emissions were estimated as 0.75 and 0.79 g·g for CO and CH , respectively.

关键词： carbon dioxide     dairy manure     methane     moisture     temperature    

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碳中和背景下中国碳达峰路径分析

“碳达峰、 碳中和战略及路径”项目组

《工程（英文）》 2021年 第7卷 第12期   页码 1673-1677 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2021.10.003

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Correlation between carbon emissions and energy structure –Reliability analysis of low carbon target

Ben HUA

期刊论文

Impacts of inter-sectoral trade on carbon emissions—a case of China in 2007

Xiuqi FANG, Benyong WEI, Yuan WANG

期刊论文

Energy consumption and carbon emissions of hospitals in Tianjin

Chongxu JIANG, Jincheng XING, Jihong LING, Xiaona QIN

期刊论文

Decomposition and decoupling analysis of electricity consumption carbon emissions in China

期刊论文

An Integrated Analysis on the Synergistic Reduction of Carbon and Pollution Emissions from China’s Iron

Quanyin Tan,Fei Liu,Jinhui Li,

期刊论文

Energy efficiency and carbon dioxide emissions reduction opportunities in district heating source in

Gaofeng CHEN, Xuejing ZHENG, Lin CONG

期刊论文

Decomposition analysis of energy-related carbon dioxide emissions in the iron and steel industry in China

Wenqiang SUN, Jiuju CAI, Hai YU, Lei DAI

期刊论文

Decomposing drivers of transportation energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions for the Philippines

Neil Stephen LOPEZ, Anthony S.F. CHIU, Jose Bienvenido Manuel BIONA

期刊论文

GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS FROM LIVESTOCK IN CHINA AND MITIGATION OPTIONS WITHIN THE CONTEXT OF CARBON

期刊论文

Review on the applications of Tropospheric Emissions Spectrometer to air-quality research: Perspectives

Yuxuan WANG, Yuqiang ZHANG, Jiming HAO,

期刊论文

Fuel poverty and low carbon emissions: a comparative study of the feasibility of the hybrid renewable

期刊论文

Three potential benefits of the EU and IMO’s landmark efforts to monitor carbon dioxide emissions from

Shuaian WANG, Lu ZHEN, Harilaos N. PSARAFTIS

期刊论文

我国流域减污降碳协同增效：路径、技术与对策

张亚捷,霍守亮,吴丰昌

期刊论文

Modeling temperature and moisture dependent emissions of carbon dioxide and methane from drying dairy

Enzhu HU, Pakorn SUTITARNNONTR, Markus TULLER, Scott B. JONES

期刊论文

碳中和背景下中国碳达峰路径分析

“碳达峰、 碳中和战略及路径”项目组

期刊论文